376 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
376 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
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ColaScript is a language that compiles in JavaScript. This language is similar to Dart, CoffeeScript, Python and PHP, with some original ideas. Compiler based on [UglifyJS2](https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2). In present time compiler in development. Play with language you can [here](http://develop.trigen.pro/cola/).
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Install
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===
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First make sure you have installed the latest version of [node.js](http://nodejs.org/)
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(You may need to restart your computer after this step).
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From NPM for use as a command line app:
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npm install cola-script -g
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From NPM for programmatic use:
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npm install cola-script
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From Git:
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git clone git://github.com/TrigenSoftware/ColaScript.git
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cd ColaScript
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npm link .
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Usage same as in [UglifyJS2](https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2), except:
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-j, --js, --javascript Work with JavaScript (by default Cola will
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expect ColaScript). [boolean]
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-n, --no-main-binding Disable `main` binding. [boolean]
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Simple example of usage:
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cola main.cola -o main.min.js -m -c
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In browser
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===
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In developing more comfortable to compile the code directly in your browser, for this add `browser-cola.js` to `your.html` code:
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<script src="path/to/browser-cola.js"></script>
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Now you can run your Cola-Code:
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<script type="text/colascript" src="path/to/your.cola"></script>
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If `your.cola` depends on other scripts in `your.html`, better to notice `browser-cola` about it:
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<script type="text/colascript" src="angular.min.js"></script>
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<script type="text/colascript" src="path/to/your.cola"></script>
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Overview
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===
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## Need to know:
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- not always valid-javascript is valid-colascript
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- semicolon is always required
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- in present time typing is just syntax
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## Variables
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In current version you can set any type which you want, frankly speaking is not good.. In future we will have static typing.
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var num = 1; // valid JavaScript
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int i, j = 3;
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String str = `someString`; // yes, you can use ` quotes
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In ColaScript, like in CoffeScript, exists boolean-aliases:
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yes == on == true;
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no == off == false
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## Strings
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We have templating! We can paste variable in string:
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console.log("my login in twitter \@@twLogin");
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Also we can paset expression this way:
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console.log("length of my name @{ name.length }");
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and this way:
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console.log("first letter in my name is {{ name[0] }}");
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Still possible to use raw strings:
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console.log(r"\n\r\t@raw");
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Any string in ColaScript is multiline:
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console.log("
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List1:
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- Write code
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- Drink tea
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- Watch Instagram
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List2
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* Write code
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* Read Habrahabr
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* Listen music
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");
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align goes by closing-quote.
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## RegExps
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Modifer `x` skips whitespaces and new-line same as if you use multiline RegExp:
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RegExp url = /
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^
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(https?:\/\/)?
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([\w\.]+)
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\.([a-z]{2,6}\.?)
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(\/[\w\.]*)*\/?
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$/;
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## Arrays
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Most of array features was taken from CoffeeScript:
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Array arr = [0..9]; // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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// same as
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Array arr = [0...10];
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arr[0..2] = [584, 404]; // [584, 404, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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console.log(arr[0..2]); // [584, 404]
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one feature getted from PHP:
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arr[] = 22; // [584, 404, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 22]
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absolutely new feature is:
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console.log(arr[]); // 22
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## Functions
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You have opportunity to declarate functions without `function` keyword, with and without type:
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function f1(){
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}
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void f2(){
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}
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f2(){
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}
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From Dart we borrowd arrow-functions:
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helloString(name) => "Hello @name!";
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Arguments have `positional` or `named` types and can have default value:
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hello(String name:) => console.log("Hello @name!");
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hello(name: 'dangreen'); // Hello dangreen!
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hello(name: "World") => console.log("Hello @name!");
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hello(); // Hello World!
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// or
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hello(String name = "World") => console.log("Hello @name!");
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hello('dangreen'); // Hello dangreen!
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hello(); // Hello World!
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As in CoffeScript we can declare `splated` argument
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info(name, skills...){
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console.log("My name is @name, my skills:");
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skills.forEach((skill) => console.log("@skill,"));
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}
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All `main` functions in root namespace will bind on `DOMContentLoaded` event:
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// lib.cola
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main(){
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console.log('Hello World from lib.cola!');
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}
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// main.cola
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@require "lib.cola";
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main(){
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console.log('Hello World!');
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}
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## Operators:
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- `isset` operator, `??` alternative - which is better?
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bool a = true, b;
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console.log(isset a ? "seted" : "not seted"); // seted
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console.log(isset b ? "seted" : "not seted"); // not seted
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- `clone` of variable:
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Array a = [], b = clone a;
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b[0] = 584; // a == []
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if object have method `__clone__`, object will be copied with it.
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- Math.pow operator:
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int pow = 5 ** 2; // 25
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- CoffeeScript's modulo operator:
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int modulo = 5 %% 3; // 2
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- Existential assignment from CoffeeScript:
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var undef, def = 5;
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def ?= undef; // def == 5
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undef = 6;
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def ?= undef; // def == 6
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- `a ? b`, status: done
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var a = undefined, b = 3;
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a ? b == 3;
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a = 11;
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a ? b == 1;
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- `is`, status: done
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bool isRegExp = /[^\d]+/g is RegExp; // true
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- `isnt`, status: done
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bool isntString = 3.14 isnt String; // true
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### Multiple
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- `..:`, status: done
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Object profile = {
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name : "dan",
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nick : "dan",
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friends : [
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{ name : "eric", nick : "eric" }
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],
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"info" : "coder"
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}
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..name += "iil"
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..nick += "green"
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..friends[0]:
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..name = profile.friends[0].name.capitalize()
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..nick += "bro";
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..info += ", student";
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- `a > b > c`, status: done
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if( 0 < x < 100 ) console.log("x E (0; 100)");
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### Compiler
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- `@require`, status: done
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@require "./library/jquery.js" "./library/underscore.js"
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- `@include`, status: done
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@include "./app/my.js"
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- `@use`, status: done
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@use strict
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@use asmjs
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@use closure
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## Expressions
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- `switch` assignment, status: done!
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String weather = switch(temperature){
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when -10: 'cold';
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when 20: 'normal';
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when 35: 'hot';
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};
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## Vars
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- multiple assignment, status: done
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[a, b, c] = [b, c, a];
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var {poet: {String name, address: [street, city]}} = futurists;
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[a, ..., b] = someArray;
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## Classes
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- classes
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- singletones
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- injectors
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class A {
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private int a = 123;
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protected var o = {};
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readonly String about = "class";
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A(a){
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about = "some else";
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}
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static Hello() => "hello!";
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public String about() => about;
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}
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class B extends A {
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B(){
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parent();
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about += "!";
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}
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B.anotherConstructor(){
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about = "ups!";
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}
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get some => "some " + about;
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set some(val) => about += val;
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}
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singleton S { // in fact this is object
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int x = 45;
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String s = "txt";
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say(some){
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alert(some);
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}
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int operator[](int index) => index + 584;
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operator[]=(int index, int val) => x = index + val;
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String operator.(String key) => key + "!";
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operator.(String key, String value) => s = "@key @value";
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}
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injector String {
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String replaceAll(a, b){
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String res = this;
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while(res.indexOf(a) != -1) res = res.replace(a, b);
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return res;
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}
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}
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// or
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String String::replaceAll(a, b){
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String res = this;
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while(res.indexOf(a) != -1) res = res.replace(a, b);
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return res;
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}
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